Six strategies to improve teaching and learning in math and vocabulary

A baseline assessment, such as those provided by Cambridge Insight gives schools in-depth information about students’ strengths, weaknesses, and learning potential. Once teachers understand their students’ starting points, the key question becomes how this information can be used effectively in the classroom to improve outcomes.

According to Cambridge Insight, drawing on their experience as educators, the expert team has developed six practical strategies designed to support improved teaching and learning in vocabulary and mathematics for students aged 11–16.

      Vocabulary

1. Share word stories
   Many words have interesting histories. Learning about where words come from can deepen understanding and make definitions easier to remember. For example, the word business is believed to originate from the Old English word business, which originally meant anxiety, care, and occupation. By the mid-14th century, it evolved into busy-ness or busyness, meaning “being very occupied,” while the earlier meanings were lost. Today, business is frequently misspelled. Without knowledge of its history, students may rely on phonetic spelling (bus-i-ness, which sounds like busyness) to remember where the letter “i” belongs.
2. Analyze word roots
   Understanding common prefixes and suffixes, such as de- or anti-, which come from Latin and Greek, equips students with powerful strategies for working out unfamiliar words. For instance, knowing that mono means “one” helps students understand that a monopoly refers to a market dominated by a single company. Similarly, multi means “many,” which supports comprehension of a wide range of related terms.
3. Create meaning maps
   Using a visual organizer to explore a word can significantly improve understanding. Similar to a mind map, but focused specifically on vocabulary, a meaning map places the key word in the center and branches out to:

• define the word
• identify its word class (noun, verb, adjective)
• describe its key features
• use it in a sentence
• list synonyms

      Mathematics

1. Using clear problem-solving models
   This approach focuses on providing structured, easy-to-follow models that support students when tackling particular types of mathematical problems. By working through a range of clear examples, learners develop a strong understanding of each step in the process, strengthening their problem-solving ability and building confidence. To help students recognize these models in their exercise books, they can highlight them by drawing a box around the example using a designated color.
2. Formula sheets with gradually reduced guidance
   This method uses formula sheets that begin with detailed support, which is slowly withdrawn as students’ confidence and competence increase. Over time, learners rely less on prompts and explanations, encouraging independence and promoting a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts.
3. Regular practice of new methods
   Students engage in sustained practice of newly introduced mathematical techniques and skills. Repetition helps consolidate learning, improve memory, and support the application of knowledge in more challenging situations. Higher-attaining students can move on to more demanding tasks, while those who need additional support continue practicing to strengthen their understanding.

Ultimately, these strategies show how baseline assessment data can move beyond measurement and become a powerful tool for improving teaching quality and student learning across the curriculum.